# MongoDB Python Client Guide

This guide explains how to install the necessary Python packages and use the provided example script to connect to your MongoDB instance.

## Prerequisites

- Python 3.6 or higher
- pip (Python package manager)
- Access to your MongoDB instance (running in Docker or elsewhere)

## Installation Instructions

1. **Install the PyMongo package**

   PyMongo is the official MongoDB driver for Python. Install it using pip:

   ```bash
   pip install pymongo
   ```

   If you're using a virtual environment (recommended):

   ```bash
   # Create a virtual environment
   python -m venv venv

   # Activate the virtual environment
   # On Linux/macOS:
   source venv/bin/activate
   # On Windows:
   venv\Scripts\activate

   # Install PyMongo
   pip install pymongo
   ```

2. **Configure environment variables (optional)**

   The example script uses environment variables for configuration. You can set them in your shell:

   ```bash
   export MONGO_HOST="your-mongodb-host"
   export MONGO_PORT="27017"
   export MONGO_USERNAME="admin"
   export MONGO_PASSWORD="your-password"
   export MONGO_AUTH_DB="admin"
   ```

   Alternatively, you can modify the default values directly in the script.

## Using the Example Script

The `python_example.py` script demonstrates basic MongoDB operations:

1. Connecting to MongoDB with authentication
2. Listing available databases
3. Creating a sample database and collection
4. Inserting sample data
5. Querying the data

### Running the Script

```bash
python python_example.py
```

### Expected Output

```
🔄 Connecting to MongoDB...
✅ Successfully connected to MongoDB at localhost:27017

📚 Available databases:
  - admin
  - config
  - local

🔄 Creating sample data...
✅ Successfully inserted 3 documents into sample_db.users
📊 Total documents in users: 3

🔄 Querying data...
🔍 All users:
  - John Doe (john.doe@example.com), Age: 30
  - Jane Smith (jane.smith@example.com), Age: 25
  - Bob Johnson (bob.johnson@example.com), Age: 35

🔍 Users older than 30:
  - Bob Johnson (bob.johnson@example.com), Age: 35

👋 Connection closed
```

## Modifying the Script for Your Needs

### Connecting to Your MongoDB Instance

Update the connection parameters at the top of the script:

```python
MONGO_HOST = "your-mongodb-host"  # Replace with your MongoDB host IP
MONGO_PORT = 27017
MONGO_USERNAME = "admin"  # Replace with your MongoDB username
MONGO_PASSWORD = "your-password"  # Replace with your MongoDB password
MONGO_AUTH_DB = "admin"
```

### Creating Your Own Collections and Queries

The example script provides a template that you can modify:

1. To create a different collection, modify the `create_sample_data` function
2. To perform different queries, modify the `query_data` function

## Common MongoDB Operations in Python

### Insert a Document

```python
result = collection.insert_one({"name": "Alice", "age": 29})
print(f"Inserted document ID: {result.inserted_id}")
```

### Find Documents

```python
# Find one document
user = collection.find_one({"name": "John Doe"})
print(user)

# Find documents with a filter
users = collection.find({"age": {"$gt": 25}})
for user in users:
    print(user)
```

### Update Documents

```python
# Update one document
result = collection.update_one(
    {"name": "John Doe"},
    {"$set": {"age": 31}}
)
print(f"Modified {result.modified_count} document(s)")

# Update multiple documents
result = collection.update_many(
    {"age": {"$lt": 30}},
    {"$inc": {"age": 1}}
)
print(f"Modified {result.modified_count} document(s)")
```

### Delete Documents

```python
# Delete one document
result = collection.delete_one({"name": "John Doe"})
print(f"Deleted {result.deleted_count} document(s)")

# Delete multiple documents
result = collection.delete_many({"age": {"$lt": 25}})
print(f"Deleted {result.deleted_count} document(s)")
```

## Troubleshooting

### Connection Issues

If you can't connect to MongoDB:

1. Verify that your MongoDB container is running:
   ```bash
   docker-compose ps
   ```

2. Check if you can reach MongoDB from your host:
   ```bash
   telnet your-mongodb-host 27017
   ```

3. Ensure your MongoDB credentials are correct

### Authentication Errors

If you see authentication errors:

1. Verify your username and password
2. Make sure you're using the correct authentication database (usually "admin")
3. Check if MongoDB is configured with authentication enabled

## Further Resources

- [PyMongo Documentation](https://pymongo.readthedocs.io/)
- [MongoDB Python Driver Tutorials](https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/python/)
- [MongoDB Query Operators](https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/query/)